English “-ing” → Spanish “-ando / -iendo”

In Spanish, the Gerundio (equivalent to the English “-ing” form) is used to express an ongoing action — like “I’m speaking” → “Estoy hablando”.

It’s formed as follows:

🧠 Quick Formula

Pattern	Example	Result
-ar → -ando	hablar → hablando
-er / -ir → -iendo	comer → comiendo	vivir → viviendo
Vowel before ending → -yendo	leer → leyendo	traer → trayendo

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Verb ending	Remove ending	Add	Example	Translation
-ar	-ar	➡️ -ando	hablar → hablando	speaking
-er	-er	➡️ -iendo	comer → comiendo	eating
-ir	-ir	➡️ – iendo	vivir → viviendo	living

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✅ Common Examples

#	English (-ing)	Spanish (-ando / -iendo)	Verb (Infinitive)	Meaning
1	speaking	hablando	hablar	to speak
2	eating	comiendo	comer	to eat
3	living	viviendo	vivir	to live
4	studying	estudiando	estudiar	to study
5	working	trabajando	trabajar	to work
6	drinking	bebiendo	beber	to drink
7	writing	escribiendo	escribir	to write
8*	reading	leyendo 📚	leer	to read (irregular)
9*	sleeping	durmiendo 😴	dormir	to sleep (irregular stem change)
10*	saying	diciendo 🗣️	decir	to say (irregular)
11*	going	yendo 🚶‍♂️	ir	to go (irregular)
12	listening	escuchando 🎧	escuchar	to listen
13	watching	mirando 👀	mirar	to watch
14	running	corriendo 🏃‍♀️	correr	to run
15	playing	jugando 🎮	jugar	to play
16	learning	aprendiendo	aprender	to learn
17	opening	abriendo	abrir	to open
18	cleaning	limpiando 🧹	limpiar	to clean
19	cooking	cocinando 🍳	cocinar	to cook
20	dancing	bailando 💃	bailar	to dance

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⚠️ Irregular Patterns to Note*

Type	English	Spanish	Verb	Notes
Stem-changing (e → i)	saying	diciendo	decir	stem change + -iendo
Stem-changing (o → u)	sleeping	durmiendo	dormir	stem change + -iendo
Stem change + spelling	reading	leyendo	leer	vowel change: i → y
Unique	going	yendo	ir	irregular form
Double vowel verbs	bringing	trayendo	traer	i → y for pronunciation